So it was an Alder Fly because

A full account of the finding and capture of the Nanjizal Alder Flycatcher will appear in Birding World shortly, but people might like to know how this bird was identified in the hand.

Alder Flycatcher, Nanjizal Valley, Cornwall (Photo: Kester Wilson)

Interestingly, this bird was in remarkably good condition, with a fat score of 4 (on a scale of 0 to 8) and a muscle score of 3 (on a scale of 0 to 3). For more details on these methods, see:

• fat scoring
• muscle scoring

The tail length of this bird was at the top end for Alder Flycatcher, and, coupled with the fact that males tend to have more pointed wings (p10 = p6 on this bird), the bird was presumed to be a male.

Alder/Willow Flycatcher can be difficult to distinguish in the hand, and the key is a set of measurements which produce two discriminant formulae, as described in Pyle's Identification Guide to North American Birds Part I (1997). To a degree these formulae describe the overall shape of the wing, with Alder Flycatcher generally having a more pointed wing shape than Willow.

Formula I

(longest p – p6) – (p5 – p10)

On the Nanjizal bird, the difference between the longest primary and primary 6 (counting from the outside) was 6.3mm (this difference itself suggests Alder Flycatcher, as 95% of Willows have a maximum of 5.9mm). The measurement of p5 – p10 was ‑3.2mm (i.e. p10 was longer than p5, as could be seen in the field). Again, this difference suggests Alder Flycatcher, as 95% of Willows have a minimum value of ‑3.1mm.

So the result for Formula I is 9.5mm. This can then be graphed against the bill length (measured to the nares), putting this bird outside the range for Willow Flycatcher.

Reproduced with permission from Pyle (1997)

Formula R

[(longest p – p6) + (p9 – p5) + (wing – tail)]/[(p6 – p10) + bill]

In the Nanjizal bird, this came out as:

[6.3 + 8.8 (70 – 59)]/[0 + 8.5] = 3.07

This value falls outside of the range of 95% of Willow Flycatchers (values of 0.98 to 2.91) but well within the range for Alder Flycatcher (2.41 to 4.68).

Alder Flycatcher, Nanjizal Valley, Cornwall (Photo: Marcus Conway)